diff --git a/superconductivity_assignment2_kvkempen.tex b/superconductivity_assignment2_kvkempen.tex index a5c22ff..2a61f9e 100755 --- a/superconductivity_assignment2_kvkempen.tex +++ b/superconductivity_assignment2_kvkempen.tex @@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage{float} \usepackage{mathtools} +\usepackage{amsmath} \newcommand{\pfrac}[2]{\frac{\partial #1}{\partial #2}} @@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ This gives us our final expression for $B(z)$: \end{cases}. \] -The supercurrent follows from the Maxwell-Amp\`ere law considering that there are no other currents, and we look at a current steady over time ($\pfrac{\vec{E}}{t} = 0$): +The supercurrent follows from the Maxwell-Amp\`ere law, considering that there are no other currents, and we look at a current steady over time ($\pfrac{\vec{E}}{t} = 0$): \[ \nabla\times\vec{B}(z) = \mu_0\vec{J_s} \] @@ -164,6 +165,26 @@ as $A_y \perp \hat{y}$, giving zero partial derivative. In our case, indeed the rigid gauge choice gives the criterium for the London gauge ($\nabla \cdot \vec{A} = 0$). \end{enumerate} +In the rigid gauge, the order parameter $\psi$ is constant in space and time. +To then also have that $\nabla \cdot \vec{A} = 0$, follows from the expression for the supercurrent as we saw earlier. + +Reversely, assume that $\nabla \cdot \vec{A} = 0$, and look at what conditions need to be met in order to imply rigid gauge. +Again, we look at the expression for the supercurrent as function of $\theta$ and $\vec{A}$, +\begin{align*} + \vec{J_s} &= -\frac{2e\hbar n_s}{m}(\nabla\theta + \frac{2e\vec{A}}{\hbar}) \\ + \iff \frac{2e}{\hbar}\vec{A} &= -\frac{m}{2e\hbar n_s} \vec{J_s} - \nabla\theta, +\end{align*} +and take the divergence, +\[ + \frac{2e}{\hbar}\nabla \cdot \vec{A} = -\frac{m}{2e\hbar n_s} \nabla \cdot \vec{J_s} - \Delta\theta = 0 + \implies \Delta\theta = -\frac{m}{2e\hbar n_s} \nabla \cdot \vec{J_s}. +\] +This is what only the London gauge implies. +But when is then the rigid gauge applied by this? +This is the case for $\nabla \cdot \vec{J_s}$, or, in words, when there is no conservation of supercurrent. +If this is not the case (if the divergence is non-zero), there is conversion between normal current and supercurrent. +This result seems to Waldram's conclusion in \cite[p. 24--26]{waldram}. + \section{Type II superconductors and the vortex lattice} \section{Currents inside type-II superconducting cylinder}